Complex Coronary Artery Disease
Complex coronary artery disease is a loosely defined term describing coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with a higher risk profile. These patients often require special care and treatment.
Typically, CAD patients with one or more of the following risk factors fit this description:
- Diabetes
- Chronic kidney disease
- Increased age
- COPD
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Calcium buildup and thickening in the vessels
- Unable to tolerate coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Highly specialized treatments are available for patients with complex coronary artery disease, including atherectomy, left ventricular-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and intravascular lithotripsy (Shockwave IVL).
Shockwave IVL
A new treatment in coronary artery disease – Shockwave IVL. Complex calcium can be challenging when trying to treat coronary artery disease (CAD). The presence of calcium increases the complexity of CAD and the effectiveness of treatment. The technology of lithotripsy—using shockwaves or lasers to break up hardened masses in the body—has been used effectively for more than 30 years to treat kidney and gall stones. This same approach can be used to treat complex calcium in the coronary arteries. CMC is proud to be named one of three sites in the Northeast—and the only one north of Boston—to provide a new technology called the Shockwave Coronary IVL System. Shockwave IVL is an energy-based catheter which creates sonic pressure waves that travel through soft tissue, safely cracking calcium in the diseased artery. This technology represents a major advance in the treatment of CAD.
Learn more: Shockwave IVL Hailed as Game Changer
Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CTO PCI)
A percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO PCI) treats patients who have a 100% blockage in one of their coronary arteries. This severe plaque buildup occurs over time in a condition called atherosclerosis. About 10-15% of patients with coronary artery blockages have 100% blocked arteries. CTO PCI is a complex procedure that is performed by only 1-2% of interventional cardiologists in the US. Often patients are advised to undergo open heart bypass surgery or are treated with medications alone. Left untreated, the blockage may cause significant chest discomfort, shortness of breath, lower quality of life, and potentially decrease heart function.
CTO PCI is a complex procedure that utilizes similar catheters through the wrist or groin artery. It differs from routine PCI in that, often, two catheters are placed in two different locations. In addition, specialized equipment is used to get through, or around your body’s small bypasses to get the blockage open. This procedure take an average of three-four hours and patients are typically monitored overnight in the hospital.
CTO PCI is an evolving field within Interventional Cardiology. In the United States, only a small number of centers have teams trained to perform the full spectrum of techniques to maximize success rate. The Interventional Cardiology team at CMC’s New England Heart & Vascular Institute is pleased to offer this option to patients with coronary artery disease.
Atherectomy
An atherectomy is a procedure used to remove plaque from a coronary artery. It is a minimally invasive approach that uses a catheter inserted into one of the blood vessels. The catheter is fed to the heart and once it reaches the area of plaque blockage, a small laser or a tiny blade is used to cut away the plaque. This technique may be followed by an angioplasty or stent. Typically patients will be kept overnight and may return home the following day.
LVAD High Risk PCI
When the heart needs additional support during angioplasty or stenting, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) may also be used. This pump increases the heart’s ability to move blood.
LVAD High Risk Atherectomy
In this type of atherectomy, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is used. This allows greater cardiac output for those with a weaker heart and helps the heart pump blood better. It is typically used in high risk cases to provide enough time for the procedure to be completed.